![]() An ala is a cartilaginous structure that forms the lateral side of each naris (plural = nares), or nostril opening. On either side of the apex, the nostrils are formed by the alae (singular = ala). The dorsum nasi is the length of the nose. The bridge is the part of the nose that connects the root to the rest of the nose. The root is the region of the nose located between the eyebrows. The external nose consists of the surface and skeletal structures that result in the outward appearance of the nose and contribute to its numerous functions ( Figure 22.3). When discussing the nose, it is helpful to divide it into two major sections: the external nose, and the nasal cavity or internal nose. The major entrance and exit for the respiratory system is through the nose. The epithelium of the nasal passages, for example, is essential to sensing odors, and the bronchial epithelium that lines the lungs can metabolize some airborne carcinogens. Several structures within the conducting zone perform other functions as well. The major functions of the conducting zone are to provide a route for incoming and outgoing air, remove debris and pathogens from the incoming air, and warm and humidify the incoming air. The gas exchange occurs in the respiratory zone. The conducting zone of the respiratory system includes the organs and structures not directly involved in gas exchange. ![]() Figure 22.2 Major Respiratory Structures The major respiratory structures span the nasal cavity to the diaphragm.įunctionally, the respiratory system can be divided into a conducting zone and a respiratory zone. ![]()
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